Essay about The Hypocrisy of Religion - 660 Words

Religious leaders ought to be the epitome of goodness and morality and are supposed to live lives worthy of emulation. Yet, in Voltaire’s Candide and Goethe’s Faust, the church is infested with hypocrisy what with religious leaders being hypocritical characters that are corrupt, greedy and immoral. These are seen in so many instances in both texts as will be discussed below. High–ranking church officials, according to Voltaire, are deeply engrossed in promiscuity as depicted in the lines, â€Å"I am infact the daughter of Pope Urban the Tenth and the Princess of Palestrina† (535). The fact that the Pope, despite his vows of celibacy as a priest and leader of the Catholic Church, has a mistress and a daughter (the Old Woman) is very†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Voltaire implies that a superior of the abbey by name reverend father Croust is gay (543). Ironically, the church is laden with such people as this Jesuit colonel. Voltaire therefore us es this ironic character to point out the existence of church hypocrisy and corruption in his time. Meanwhile, man’s inhumanity to man is something that should never be witnessed in Christian communities. Yet Voltaire talks about religious leaders who carry out the so-called â€Å"auto-da-fe† against those who disagree with them on trivial theological issues. For example, the Inquisition hangs Pangloss for voicing his ideas and orders for Candide to be flogged for merely â€Å"listening with an air of approval† (529). The authorities executing Pangloss for talking and ordering the flogging of Candide for merely listening shows that ironically, christians are the ones promoting inhumane acts to fellow men. This, in no small measure, symbolizes the hypocrisy and corruption that is rampant in Christian communities. In addition, Goethe also portrays hypocrisy in religion in the scene where in response to Gretchen’s question of â€Å"Do you believe in God?† Faust answers: My darling who may say I believe in God? Ask priests and sages, their reply Looks like sneers that mock and prod The one who asked the question. (752) The fact that Gretchen, being a christian, is easily deceived into believingShow MoreRelatedHypocrisy And Religion In Tartuffe By Moliere841 Words   |  4 PagesTartuffe by Moliere is a play that is centered on the theme of hypocrisy and religion. However, in this case, religion has been utilized as a contrivance to expose the duplicity of the characters. More so, the play comprises several unique characters, Tartuffe being the protagonist, hence his name being used as the title of the drama (Moliere 28). Apparently, hypocrisy is somewhat slippery, but to some individuals it is evident. For instance, Tartuffe is being regarded as a hypocrite because it isRead MoreHypocrisy Within Religious Groups : Religion1424 Words   |  6 PagesHypocrisy Within Religious Groups Did you know that since 2012 more than 7.5 million people are no longer active in any type of religion or religious group (Grant, 2013)? Looking back on the past as well as the rich history of faith in God that can be found throughout American History it is almost surprising the amount of people who no longer take a claim to religion. Over the course of the last 30 to 40 years religious communities have had cycles of high or low attendance. Now as times are changingRead More The Hypocrisy of Religion in Moby Dick Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hypocrisy of Religion in Moby Dick Stubb decides to give Old Fleece a lecture on religion after waking him to complain about his overcooked whale steak. Not only does Stubb ask Fleece to preach to the sharks who are making a considerable din eating the dead whale chained to the ship, but he compares Fleeces inability to correctly cook a whale steak to Fleeces un-Christian ways. This passage is an excellent example of the theme of the hypocrisy of religion in Moby Dick. BeforeRead MoreThe White Mans Religion: a Savage Hypocrisy Essay897 Words   |  4 Pages When people choose to follow a religion they agree to practice the tenets and standards put forth by that religion. If a person is a practicing Christian they would need to follow the teachings of love and kindness that are given forth by Jesus Christ. Frederick Douglass in his work, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself, and William Apess in his work, An Indians Looking-Glass for the White Man both disagree with the form of Christianity practicedRead MoreThe Progressive Era and Religion818 Words   |  3 Pagesshort story Maggie: A Girl of the Streets critiques many of these ideas. His biggest critique was that of religion and the standards and hypocrisy of it. This essay will argue that Crane critiques the hypocrisy of Christianity and Christians through the characterization of a wide range of characters in his novel. The most prominent example of Crane’s critique against religion and it’s hypocrisy is Maggie’s mother Mary. Even her name is a critique for it could reference religious symbol Mary, motherRead MoreReligious Hypocrisy In Frederick Douglass861 Words   |  4 Pagestime of Jesus Christ, religious hypocrisy has run rampant throughout those who held power. Countless lives have been affected by others twisting religious interpretation in order to fit their own needs. Slaveholders used religion and scripture to their advantage when disciplining slaves, sometimes even if they did no wrong. Religious hypocrisy is especially relevant in the life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass’s life story depicts how religious hypocrisy committed by both slaves and slaveholdersRead MoreWilliam Moliere s Tartuffe As A Threat Of Reason1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Reason in Religion What happens when hypocrisy invades religion in the absence of reason? This is the very question that Moliere addresses in Tartuffe as he establishes his characters. In satire characters are usually very one dimensional and unchanging. They are simply there to represent an idea. Therefore, rather than using character development, Moliere uses character establishment to shape his story and theme. This is most notably seen in the last two scenes of act one in TartuffeRead MoreExamples Of Hypocrisy In The Adventures Of Huck Finn1542 Words   |  7 Pagesinhumanity towards man shaped society? Man’s inhumanity towards man has played a profound role in humans throughout history. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huck Finn is an example of him using satire to reach his readers denouncing slavery and religious hypocrisy giving examples of man’s inhumanity towards man. His main objective in using satire in Huck Finn was to protest the evil practices that were so frequent in the Frontier. By using satire this made it more appealing and enjoyable for readers and hopefullyRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1224 Words   |  5 PagesMarquez, the novella â€Å"Chronicle Of A Death Foretold† is a pseudo-journalistic depiction of the death of a young, Arab man more than two decades after it happened. Set in Catholic Colombia, where every character’s actions are intrinsically shaped by religion, the author explores deeper societal issues within this town of God-fearing individuals. Although a judicial inquest concluded two brothers, Pedro and Pablo Vicario, murdered Santiago Nasar, for allegedly taking their sister’s virginity, the narratorRead MoreMorality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages Twain was heavily critical of religion and it’s supposed â€Å"moral righteousness†; in his eyes, Twain saw the institution of religion as hypocritical, impractical, and convoluted. Needless to say, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn hold considerable importance in reflecting Mark Twain’s satirical view on the religious society of his time. Mark Twain introduces his satire of religion in the first few chapters of the novel. A major theme of the novel is the hypocrisy and double standards that are evident

Willy Loman And The American Dream Analysis - 1075 Words

Pursuit of Happiness in the American Dream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of the Loman family. The death of Willy Loman implies that the American Dream brings hope to many but an American nightmare to most. Death of a Salesman is a play that is based off a sympathetic, candid, and mocking tone. The characters in this play†¦show more content†¦Arthur Miller makes Willy Loman the protagonist in this tragedy. Willy Loman wanted to impress everyone and show people that he was not a failure in the American Dream but soon falls from his noble position. Miller uses flashbacks to reveal events that occ urred before the time of the play. Miller foreshadows what will happen in the future between Willy and Biff Loman. Willy’s accident foreshadows his suicide at the end of Act II. â€Å"Willy’s distorted idea of the American Dream brings about his demise.† (Stone) Miller symbolizes plants and trees which Willy longs for. The plants and trees represents strength, hope, and well-being for Willy. The seeds in the story represent Willy’s attempt to provide for his family and make money but he is not guaranteed anything of value. The plot occurs within the two main acts. Miller introduces three main theme in act I. In the first act, the protagonist Willy becomes happy living in his flashbacks and dreams and his reality conflicts with his hopes. Miller makes this act seems very promising that there will be a good end. Miller makes the first act most important because it is showing the characters and the background of why the characters act a certain way. Miller also uses certain literary devices to help better understand the main protagonist Willy and the miserable life that led to the ending of act II. The play Death of a Salesman is mainly a story of a dream andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Willy Loman And The American Dream1553 Words   |  7 PagesIn one of Arthur Miller’s play, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† written in 1949; it uncovers the betrayal of the American Dream. Willy Loman, one of the characters in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† who believes that finding success is very easy, but in reality’s he only finds his success in own imagination. In Act one of the play, Willy Loman stated â€Å"Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Uncle Charley is not †¦ Liked. He’s Liked, but not well Liked (p21).† This quote expresses that being liked is not the key to successRead MoreEssay about The American Dream in Death of a Salesman1371 Words   |  6 Pagesof American life and consumerism. It relates the story of a common man who portrays this lifestyle. Other issues explored in the play include: materialism, procrastination and alienation. The play was set in 1948, in a time where The American Dream was highly regarded, despite the Depression. The American Dream was a belief that emerged in the later half of the nineteenth century, that if you work hard you will achieve success and prosperity. The American Dream affects our view of Willy Loman asRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 Pa gesto achieve the American dream as it relates to each character; both of which fail in drastic yet similar ways. The American dream has always been an important factor in many American’s lives as it is to Troy Maxson the protagonists of Fences and to Willy Loman the protagonist of Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are both hardworking men of different cultural backgrounds, with striking similarities in the way they try to achieve and fail to achieve the American dream of their era andRead MoreThemes Of Death Of A Salesman1286 Words   |  6 Pagescentered on the events that take place at the end of Willy Loman’s life. From the opening act, we learn that Willy and his family struggle to behave as a united front when they face financial pressures and strained familial bonds. This causes Willy to become desperate for success and validation. Death of a Salesman has commonly been interpreted as an analysis of the American dream. Within the ideal American so ciety, citizens believe that the American dream allows each individual an equal opportunity toRead MoreWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman1218 Words   |  5 PagesWilly Loman as a Tragic Hero in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Should Willy Loman of Arthur Millers classic, Death of a Salesman be regarded as a tragic hero, or merely a working-class, socially inadequate failure? Described by Miller as a self-destructive, insecure anti-hero, it seems almost impossible for Loman to be what is known as a tragic hero in the classical sense, but with the inclusion of other factors he maybe a tragic hero, at least in the modernRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Death Of A Salesman 954 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis 1.Willy Loman. Although the main protagonist of the play, Willy Loman does not come to a certain self-realization. Searching and sifting through his memories (which cannot be completely taken as the truth as he reinvents them in a way to make them out as a golden era) he fails to recognize his slanted reality he’s lived in made up of his delusions. His forged relationship with his son Biff, is based solely off Willy’s hopes that he will fulfill the ‘American Dream’, whileRead More Modern Tragic Hero Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesplays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic hero of modern tim es. Whether or not Willy Loman is a tragic hero in DeathRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By F. Scott Fitzgerald1515 Words   |  7 Pageslaw of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.† In the play Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller, the protagonist Willy Loman is depicted as a man who has failed in life; he spent most of his life reminiscing the past. This affected his life greatly, especially his relationship with his son, Biff Loman. Nevertheless, in the novel, The Great Gatsby by Francis Scott Fitzgerald, the protagonist, Jay Gatsby undergoes a major change in life; he goes from beingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Symbolism Analysis1145 Words   |  5 Pagesitems have over the Loman family. One reoccurring symbol throughout the story was the silk stockings. The silk stockings are representative of Willys Shame, guilt, and infidelities. Throughout the story, Willy scolds Linda for mending her stockings. Willy says, â€Å"What’s that?† Linda replies, â€Å"Just mending my stockings. They’re so expensive.† In an angry tone, Willy then says,â€Å"I won’t have you mending stocking in this house! Now throw them out!† (1445). In the critical analysis â€Å"Family Values in DeathRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe American dream originated when immigrants came to America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In the early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the d ream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced

The Forbidden Game The Hunter Chapter 4 Free Essays

string(41) " box and felt slick between her fingers\." Jenny felt as if a black riptide was trying to suck her underwater. It was him. The boy from the game store. We will write a custom essay sample on The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every detail of his face was reproduced perfectly, but it wasn’t a photograph. It was a drawing, like the snake and the wolf. The boy’s hair was colored silvery-white with blue shadows. The artist had even captured his dark eyelashes. The portrait was so lifelike it looked as if those eyes might blink at any minute, as if the lips might speak. And it radiated menace. Danger. â€Å"What’s the matter?† Audrey was saying. Her face swam in and out of focus as Jenny looked up. Jenny’s eyes fixed on the beauty mark just above Audrey’s upper lip. Audrey’s lips were moving, but it was a minute before Jenny could make sense of the words. â€Å"What’s wrong, Jenny?† What could Jenny say? I know this guy. I saw him at the store. He’s a real person, not some made-up character in a game. So†¦ So what? That’s what they would ask her. What difference did it make? So the game must have been invented by somebody who knew the guy, and the guy had modeled for the picture. That would explain why the box was blank: Maybe it wasn’t even a real, mass-produced game at all. Or maybe the guy was crazy, had a fixation with this particular game, and had bleached his hair and dressed up to look like the game character. Dungeons and Dragons, Jenny thought suddenly-people were supposed to get heavily into that, sometimes even go overboard. That’s the answer. At least, it was the answer somebody here tonight would give. Tom, maybe, because Jenny could tell he wanted to play, and once Tom made up his mind on anything, he was immovable. Dee, because danger always kicked her. Zach, because the game involved art; or Summer, because she thought it was â€Å"cute.† They all wanted to play. A good hostess didn’t get hysterical and ruin a party because she had shadows on the brain. Jenny forced a smile. â€Å"Nothing,† she said, letting go of Audrey’s wrist. â€Å"Sorry. I thought I recognized that picture. Silly, huh?† â€Å"You been drinking the cough syrup again?† Michael inquired from the other side of the table. â€Å"Are you all right, Thorny? Really?† Tom asked seriously. His green-flecked eyes searched hers, and Jenny felt her smile become more stable. She nodded. â€Å"Fine,† she said firmly. Tom got up and dimmed the track lighting. â€Å"Hey,† said Michael. â€Å"We need it dark,† Dee told them, â€Å"for this next part. The reading of the oath.† She cut a glance at them, the whites of her eyes shining like smoky pearls. ‘What oath?† Michael said warily. â€Å"The Oath of the Game,† Tom said. His voice was sinister. â€Å"It says here that we each have to swear that we’re playing this game of our own free will, and that the game is real.† Tom turned the lid of the box around for them to see. On the inside cover, above the printed instructions, was a large symbol. It was like a squared-off and inverted U, the two uneven horns of the letter pointing downward. It was deeply impressed in the cover and colored-as well as Jenny could tell in the dim light-rusty red. I will not ruin this party, I will not ruin this party, Jenny thought. I will not. Tom was reading from the instructions: † ‘There is a Shadow World, like our own but different, existing alongside ours but never touching. Some people call it the world of dreams, but it is as real as anything else’†¦ and then it says that entering the Shadow World can be dangerous, so you play at your own risk.† He grinned around the group. â€Å"Actually, it says that the game can be hazardous to your life. You have to swear you understand that.† â€Å"I don’t know if I like this anymore,† Summer said. â€Å"Come on,† said Dee. â€Å"Live dangerously. Make it happen.† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Summer was taking this seriously. She pushed soft light curls off her forehead and frowned. â€Å"Is it getting warm in here?† â€Å"Oh, swear, already,† said Michael. â€Å"Let’s get this thing over with. I swear I understand that this game may kill me before I’m old enough to get a McJob like my brother Dave.† â€Å"Now you.† Dee stretched out a black-spandex-covered leg to nudge Zachary. â€Å"Swear.† â€Å"I swear,† Zach said in bored tones, his thin face unreadable, his gray eyes cool as ever. Summer sighed, capitulating. â€Å"Me, too, then.† Audrey adjusted her houndstooth jacket. â€Å"Me, three,† she said. â€Å"And what about you, Deirdre?† â€Å"I was just about to, Aud. I swear to have a great time and kick the Shadow Dude’s ass.† Tom had gotten up and was lurking over Jenny. â€Å"How about it, devil woman? I swear-do you?† Normally Jenny would have jabbed an elbow upward into his ribs. At the moment all she could manage was a colorless smile. They all wanted to do it. She was the hostess. They were her guests. Tom wanted it. â€Å"I swear,† she said and was embarrassed when her voice cracked. Tom cheered and tossed the box lid in the air. Dee’s foot flashed out, kicking it back toward him. It fell on the floor by Jenny. You jerk, if you really cared about me, you’d care about how I felt, Jenny thought in a rare moment of anger toward Tom. Then she squelched the thought. It was his birthday. He deserved to be indulged. Something about the box lid caught her eye. For just an instant the upside-down it looked as if it were printed in red foil. It had-flashed-Jenny thought. But of course it couldn’t have. Everyone was kneeling around the table. â€Å"Okay,† said Dee. â€Å"All the little dollies in the parlor? Then somebody’s got to turn a card. Who wants to be first?† Jenny, feeling that if she was going to do this she might as well do it thoroughly, reached out and took the top card. It was glossy white like the game box and felt slick between her fingers. You read "The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 4" in category "Essay examples" She turned it over and read: † ‘You have gathered with your friends in this room to begin the Game.'† There was a pause. Then Summer giggled. â€Å"Sort of an anticlimax,† Audrey murmured. â€Å"Who’s next?† â€Å"Me,† said Tom. He leaned over Jenny and took a card. He read, † ‘Each of you has a secret you would rather die than reveal.'† Jenny stirred uneasily. It was just coincidence, because these were pre-printed cards. But it did sound almost as if someone were answering the question she’d thought of earlier. â€Å"My turn,† Summer said eagerly. She read, † ‘You hear the sound of footsteps from one of the rooms above.'† She frowned. â€Å"But there aren’t any rooms above. This is a one-story house.† Tom chuckled. â€Å"You’re forgetting yourself. We’re not in this house. We’re in that house.† Summer blinked, her large blue eyes traveling over the pastel, basket-adorned walls of the Thornton living room. Then she looked at the Victorian paper house, with the seven paper dolls neatly arranged in the parlor like a group of guests too polite to go home. â€Å"Oh!† She was just putting the card back when they all heard the noise from above. Footsteps. A quick light patter, like a child running on a wooden floor. Summer shrieked and looked in terror at the ceiling. Dee jumped up, her dark eyes blazing. Audrey stiffened. Michael grabbed at her, and she smacked his hand away. Zach’s face was turned up; even his ponytail seemed to be tense. But Tom burst into laughter. â€Å"It’s squirrels,† he got out finally. â€Å"They run on the roof all the time, don’t they, Jenny?† Jenny’s stomach was knotted. Her voice wavered slightly as she said, â€Å"Yes, but-â€Å" â€Å"But nothing. Somebody else take a card,† Tom said. Nobody did. â€Å"All right, I’ll do it myself. This is for you, Mike.† He flipped a card. â€Å"‘You go to the door to get some air, but it seems to be stuck,'† he read. He looked around at the group. â€Å"Oh, come on. It’s a game. Here, look.† He stood up in a fluid motion and went to the sliding glass door that looked out on Jenny’s backyard. Jenny saw his fingers moving, flipping the locks on the handle. A sense of dread overwhelmed her. â€Å"Tom, don’t!† she said. Before she knew what she was doing, she jumped up and took his arm. If he didn’t try the door-if he didn’t try it-the card couldn’t come true. Tom was jerking at the handle, ignoring her. â€Å"There’s something wrong with it-there must be another lock.† â€Å"It’s stuck,† Michael said. He ran a hand through his rumpled dark hair, an oddly helpless gesture. â€Å"Don’t be stupid,† Audrey snapped. Dee’s sloe eyes were glittering. Her hand darted out and she took a card. † ‘None of the doors or windows in this house will open,'† she read. Tom went on yanking furiously at the door. It wouldn’t budge. Jenny caught his arm again. She was trembling all over with a sense of danger. â€Å"Take another card,† Zach said softly. There was something strange about his thin face-it was almost trancelike. Zombied out. â€Å"No!† Jenny said. Zachary was taking the card himself. ‘Wo,† said Jenny again. She had to stop this, but she couldn’t let go of Tom. â€Å"Zach, don’t read it.† â€Å"‘You hear a clock strike nine,'† Zachary read softly. â€Å"Jenny doesn’t have any clocks that strike,† Audrey said. She looked at Jenny sharply. â€Å"Do you? Do you?† Jenny shook her head, her throat clogged. Every inch of her skin seemed to be raw, waiting. Listening. Clear and sweet, the chimes rang out. The chimes of the clock at the game store, the clock she couldn’t see. It seemed to be coming from far above. It began to strike the hour. One. Two. Three. Four. â€Å"Oh, God,† Audrey said. Five. Six. Seven. At nine, Jenny thought. See you later-at nine. Eight†¦ â€Å"Tom,† Jenny whispered. The muscles in his arm were hard under her hand. Now, too late, he turned toward her. Nine. Then the wind came. At first Jenny thought the riptide had gotten her. Then she thought it must be an earthquake. But all the time she had the sensation of air rushing by her, as if a hurricane had come in through the closed sliding glass door. A black, roaring hurricane that burned even as it froze. It hurt her like a physical thing, shaking her body and blinding her. She lost track of the room. The only thing real was the fistful of Tom’s shirt she held. Finally she lost track of that, too. The pain stopped for a while, and she just drifted. She woke up on the floor. It was like the only other time she’d ever fainted, when she and Joey had both been home sick with the flu. She’d jumped out of bed suddenly to tell him to turn down that stupid cartoon-and the next thing she knew she was waking up with her head in a wastebasket. Lying on the carpeted floor of her room, then, she had known that time had passed, without being sure how she knew it. This was the same. Painfully Jenny lifted her head and blinked to bring the far wall into focus. It didn’t work. Something was wrong. The wall itself, which should have been pastel-colored and hung with weavings and baskets, was wrong. It was paneled with some dark wood, and an Oriental screen stood in front of it. Heavy velvet curtains obscured a window. A brass candlestick was attached to the wall. Jenny had never seen any of the things before. Where am I? The oldest question in the book, the biggest cliche. But she really didn’t know. She didn’t know where she was or how she had gotten there, but she knew that whatever was going on was all wrong. Was-beyond her experience. Things like this didn’t happen. It had happened anyway. The two ideas jostled in her mind. She was already disoriented, on the verge of panic. Now she began to shake, and she felt a swelling in her throat. No. Start screaming now and you’ll never stop, she told herself. Don’t think about it. You don’t have to deal with it. Just find Tom. Tom. For the first time Jenny looked at the floor. They were all lying there, Zach with his blond ponytail streaming out behind him (on a moss-green carpet worked with cabbage roses, but don’t think about that, don’t think about that now), Summer with her light curls cradled protectively in her small arms, Audrey with her French twist coming loose. Dee’s long legs were sprawled near the window, and Michael’s stocky body was curled in a ball beside her. Tom was lying against the wall-where the sliding glass door should have been. As Jenny got up unsteadily and began moving toward him, he stirred. â€Å"Tom? Are you okay?† She took his hand, and when his warm, strong fingers closed around hers, she felt better. He groaned and opened his eyes. â€Å"Hell of a headache,† he muttered. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"I don’t know,† Jenny said in a small, precise voice. She was still close to having hysterics. She hung on to his hand hard enough to bruise. â€Å"We’re not in the living room anymore.† It was just the truth, and she had to say it. She needed to share it with someone, the way Summer had needed to share about her dog being put to sleep. But Tom scowled. â€Å"Don’t be stupid,† he said, and Jenny felt the little needle stab she always did when he snapped at her. â€Å"We can’t be anywhere else. Everything’s fine.† All his good humor had vanished, along with the rakish charm of his smile. His neat brown hair was just slightly mussed, and his green-flecked eyes looked both dazed and angry. He’s defensive, Jenny realized. Scared that it’s his fault. She tried to squeeze his hand, but he was getting up. So were the others. Dee was rubbing the back of her neck, looking around with quick, alert movements. She reached down and pulled a groaning Michael to his feet. Audrey was standing, too, her hands automatically going to fix the combs in her auburn hair even as she stared at the room. Summer was cowering by the spindly-legged table that had taken the place of Jenny’s mother’s coffee table. Only Zach didn’t seem frightened. He was standing and his clear gray eyes were open, but his lips moved soundlessly and he looked-entranced. As if he were moving in a dream. Nobody said a word. They all looked around stupidly, trying to make sense of their surroundings. They were standing in a Victorian parlor, lushly carpeted, furnished with Gothic Revival tables and chairs. A green lamp with a silk fringe hung from the ceiling. It looked like the perfect place for a seance. Jenny recognized it. She’d seen the pattern of the cabbage-rose carpet printed on tagboard. Zach had cut out the paneling with an X-Acto knife, and Audrey had put together that mahogany table. They were in the paper house. It had come alive around them. They were inside it†¦. Jenny’s hands came slowly up to cover her mouth. Her heart had begun a deep, sick pounding. â€Å"Oh, my God,† Summer whispered. Then, with gathering force, â€Å"Oh, my God, oh, my God-â€Å" Michael began to giggle hysterically. â€Å"Shut up,† Audrey said, breathing hard. â€Å"Both of you, shut up!† Dee went to the wall and touched a candlestick, fingers dark against the bright brass. Then she reached up and stuck her fingers in the candle flame. â€Å"Dee!† Tom rapped out. â€Å"It’s real,† Dee said, looking at her fingertips. â€Å"It burns.† â€Å"Of course it’s not real!† Audrey said. â€Å"This is all-some kind of illusion. Like virtual reality-â€Å" Dee’s eyes flashed. â€Å"It is not virtual reality. My mom’s a computer expert-she knows what real VR is. Not the Pac-Man kind you get with video games. Even they can’t do anything like this. Besides, where’s the computer? Where’s our helmets?† She smacked a flattened hand against the wall. â€Å"No, this is real.† Michael was feeling a chair, still half giggling. â€Å"So maybe it was some of Audrey’s mushrooms. What were they called? Shiitake? Maybe it’s a judgment on us.† â€Å"Take it easy, Mike,† Tom said. He looked angry, which Jenny knew meant he was feeling uncertain. She watched him, all the while stroking the smooth mahogany of a tabletop. She felt the same compulsion that Dee and Michael obviously did-to touch things here. She kept expecting them to feel like cardboard, but they were real. â€Å"Okay,† Tom said, â€Å"we’re not in the living room. We’ve been-moved somehow. Somebody’s playing a joke on us. But we don’t have to just stand around like idiots and take it.† â€Å"What do you suggest we do?† Audrey said acidly. Tom strode over to the parlor doorway, which opened on a dim hall. â€Å"The guys can come with me and scout around; you girls stay here and keep your eyes open.† Dee threw him a scornful look, then turned narrowed eyes on â€Å"the guys.† Michael was tapping on the walls, muttering, and Zach was just staring, the skin of his face drawn tight over bones. Jenny wanted to go to him, but she couldn’t move. â€Å"Good luck,† Dee said to Tom. â€Å"Hurry back to protect us.† â€Å"Don’t anybody leave,† Summer said, her blue eyes wet. â€Å"You protect Jenny,† Tom snarled at Dee, thrusting his face close to hers. Jenny felt an instant of throbbing warmth, which was immediately swept away by coldness. How could anyone protect anyone here? Dee crossed the room and put an arm, hard as a boy’s, around Jenny’s shoulders. â€Å"Right,† she said. â€Å"I think we should stay together,† Michael said nervously. â€Å"Oh, what’s the difference?† Audrey said. â€Å"It’s not really happening anyway. We’re not here.† â€Å"Then what is it?† Summer asked, on the verge of hysteria. â€Å"Where are we?† â€Å"In the Game.† The voice came from the corner of the room, from the shadow behind the Oriental screen. It was a voice that didn’t belong to any of the group, but one that was familiar to Jenny. She’d only heard it once before, but she couldn’t mistake it. Like water over rock, it was full of elemental music. Every head turned. The boy stepped out of the shadows. He was just as beautiful as he had been in the store. But here, against the backdrop of this quaint and fussy room, he looked even more exotic. His hair shone in the dimness like white cat’s fur or mountain snow. He was wearing a black vest that showed the smooth, hard muscles of his bare arms, and pants that looked like snakeskin. His eyes were heavy-lidded, shielded by long lashes. He was smiling. Summer gasped. â€Å"The picture. The paper doll in the box. It’s him- â€Å" â€Å"The Shadow Man,† Michael said hoarsely. â€Å"Don’t make me laugh,† Tom said. Lip curled, he looked the apparition up and down. â€Å"Who the hell are you? What do you want?† The boy in black took another step forward. Jenny could see the impossible daylight color of his eyes now, though he wasn’t looking at her. His gaze swept over the others, and Jenny could see it affect them, like a wave of cold air that caused them to draw together. She could see each of them reacting as they looked into his face and saw-something there. Something that caused their eyes to go wide and suspicion to turn to fear. â€Å"Why don’t you call me Julian?† â€Å"Is that your name?† Tom said, much more quietly. â€Å"It’s as good as anything else.† â€Å"Whoever you are, we’re not scared of you,† Dee said suddenly, letting go of Jenny and stepping forward. It sounded like the truth, as if Dee, anyway, was not afraid, and it seemed to encourage the others. â€Å"We want to know what’s going on,† Tom said, loudly again. â€Å"We haven’t done anything to you. Please just let us go home,† Summer added. â€Å"You can’t go home again,† Zach murmured. It was the first time he’d spoken. He was wearing a strange half smile. â€Å"Bud, you’re in worse shape than I am,† Michael told him in a low voice. Zach didn’t answer. Only Jenny stayed back, not moving, not speaking. Her sense of dread was getting stronger all the time. She was remembering a look like a starving tiger’s. â€Å"At least tell us what we’re doing here,† Audrey said. â€Å"Playing the Game.† They all stared at him. â€Å"You agreed to play. You read the rules.† â€Å"But-playing? What playing? You mean-â€Å" â€Å"Don’t talk to him about it, Mike,† Tom interrupted. â€Å"We’re not going to play his stupid game.† He’s so scared, Jenny thought. He still thinks this is all his fault. But it isn’t, Tom, it isn’t____ â€Å"I mean,† the boy in black said to Michael, â€Å"that you all swore you were playing of your own free will and that you knew the Game was real. You invoked the rune Uruz.† He sketched a shape in the air with his finger, an inverted U. Jenny noticed that the snake tattoo she’d seen on his wrist in the store had vanished. â€Å"You pierced the veil between the worlds.† Audrey laughed, a sharp false sound like glass shattering. Michael breathed, â€Å"This is nuts.† Dee’s expression said that she agreed. â€Å"What’s a rune?† Audrey opened her mouth, then shut it again tightly, shaking her head. Julian’s lip quirked and he lowered his voice. â€Å"It’s magic,† he said. â€Å"A mystical letter from an ancient alphabet. In this case designed to let you walk between the worlds. If you don’t understand it, you shouldn’t be messing with it.† â€Å"We didn’t mean to mess with anything,† Summer whispered. â€Å"It’s all a mistake.† The fear in the room had heightened. Jenny could sense it like a yellow aura enveloping them all. â€Å"No mistake. You chose to play the Game,† the boy said again. â€Å"Now you play until you win-or I do.† â€Å"But why?† Summer said, almost sobbing. â€Å"What do you want from us?† Julian smiled, then looked past her. Past all of them, to the one person who hadn’t said a word since he’d entered the room. To Jenny. â€Å"Every game has a prize,† he said. Jenny met the impossibly blue eyes and knew she’d been right. They stood for a moment, looking at each other. Julian’s smile deepened. Tom looked back and forth between them. Understanding slowly dawned on his face. â€Å"No †¦Ã¢â‚¬  he whispered. â€Å"Every game has a prize,† the boy repeated. â€Å"Winner take all.† â€Å"No!† Tom said and launched himself across the room. Tom lunged at the boy in black-and drew up short. His eyes were fixed on something at his feet. Jenny couldn’t understand it-it was as if he saw something terrifying there on the carpet. He turned to get away from it and stopped. It was behind him, too. Slowly he backed up against the wall. Jenny was staring at him in dismay. It was like watching one of the mimes out at Venice Beach. A very good mime-Jenny could tell that the things Tom was facing were small, that they were trying to climb up his legs, and that he was terribly afraid of them. But there was nothing on the carpet. â€Å"Tom,† she said in a thin voice and took a step. â€Å"Don’t come near me! They’ll get you, too!† It was awful. Tom, who was never afraid of anything, was cornered by empty air. His lips were drawn back from his teeth, his chest was heaving. â€Å"What is it?† Summer whimpered. The others were all staring in silence. How to cite The Forbidden Game: The Hunter Chapter 4, Essay examples

Sustainable Marketing Of Business Operation - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Marketing Of Business Operation. Answer: Introduction The British American Tobacco is a multinational and multipurpose operating tobacco company that has its headquarters present in London, United Kingdom. It is a public traded business organization in UK, which has managed to operate in Singapore and in other places for delivering extensive products and services to meet the demands and expectations of the customers in the different market segments. British American Tobacco holds a leading market position and has managed its operations worldwide by selling its most popular brands like Dunhill, Kent, Lucky Strike and Pall Mall. There are few other brands as well including Kool, Rothmans and Benson Hedges. It is listed in the London Stock Exchange and is considered as a major portion of the FTSE 100 Index. The tobacco company was introduced in the year 1902 and American Tobacco company and Imperial Tobacco company work in partnership to form this company(Bat.com, 2017). The chairman of the company was James Buchanan Duke and the organisa tion managed its operations all over China, Canada, Germany, Australia and New Zealand.They are featured in Dow Jones Sustainability Indices for 16 consecutive years till today . Launched in 1999, the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices (DJSI) track the corporate sustainability performance of the worlds largest companies("British American Tobacco - Dow Jones Sustainability Indices," n.d.) Sustainability is maintained to create a better future of the company and deliver shared value to the consumers, shareholders and other stakeholders too like the suppliers, consumers, etc. It is needed to manage the business operations in a sustainable manner and at the same time, maintain consistency in preserving the ecological balance in nature. The company wants to grow and expand its business worldwide and to do so sustainable approaches are being followed such as the introduction of light cigarettes consisting of lesser nicotine. Though tobacco consumption is harmful, still with the introduction of light cigarettes, the demands have increased from women and girls. This increased the customer base and sales revenue too. To remain socially responsible within the socio-economic environment, the company has put label on the packets to make people avoid the smoking habits (Chan, He Wang, 2012). Taxes are put to increase the prices of the products so that the customers do not buy th ose. It could be understood that the products and services were being sold and at the same time making consumers know about the harmful effects caused by consumption of tobacco. The target markets of BAT are the Philippines and Indonesias market segments because these countries are considered as developing countries with 30 percent of the population habituated to smoking habits. The level of education is poor as well, which makes it a tobacco friendly market to enter for BAT. With the introduction of smokeless and light cigarettes, the company has managed to target other market segments with female customers too. The sustainability management principles are managed to follow the rules and regulations to create a sustainable environment and at the same time, create a positive impact on the organisation (Cherian Jacob, 2012). The principles include not misleading the consumers about the risks associated with the tobacco consumption, selling the products only to the adult smokers, not forcing the consumers to smoke or not to smoke and making a clear statement about the promoting of sales of tobacco products. Company Analysis Sustainability Efforts To manage sustainable business, BAT has been focusing on implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through the enhancement of market performance and value delivering to its stakeholders and major shareholders (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). Further analysis on the triple bottom line and footprints of BAT are stated below. Sustainability according to Triple Bottom Line Social Sustainability In terms of social sustainability, BAT has benefited the society by introducing e-cigarette. In 2013, it was the first international tobacco company to launch a Vapour ProductVype in the UK ("E-cigarettes and NGPs," 2017). They call it Next Generation Products (NGPs). BAT has invested more than US$1 billion over five years in developing a world-leading portfolio of products in the NGP category. BAT stated that it has clear benefits for society in potentially helping reduce smoking-related disease ("E-cigarettes and NGPs," 2017). Environmental Sustainability BAT has used the environmentally friendly resources to produce the products that can create lesser harmful impact on the environment (Kim et al., 2012). Many programs are launched, such as deforestation is prevented, and a clean environment is created for making sure that environmentally friendly approaches are undertaken during the production of tobacco products at BAT. In Bangladesh, BAT has distributed around 91.5 million saplings to the countrys afforestation including 4 million saplings alone in the year 2016 (Annual Report, 2016). More importantly, that is the positive actions that can reduce the carbon emission (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). Economic Sustainability Economically sustainable is crucially important for any business, including BAT. If they are successful in developing and bringing to market a range of products that meet the needs of adult smokers seeking potentially less risky alternatives to cigarettes, it will benefit the society, as well, it will make commercial business sense to them and their shareholders ("E-cigarettes and NGPs," 2017). On the other hand, BAT also meeting the needs of farmers by economically paying them fair wages, which enable them to live better ("Sustainable agriculture and farmer livelihoods," 2017). This is economically sustainable for both BAT and their farmers. Footprints Ecological Footprint In terms of ecological footprint, BAT has been focusing on retain most of the resources they consume and recycle most of the waste they generate to fulfil the goal of maintaining appropriated carrying capacity ("Environmental and supply chain management," 2017). BAT targeted that by 2025, to reduce the energy use by 25%, and reduce the waste to landfill by 80% against year 2000 baseline (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). It so far has reduced 16% of energy use and 67% of waste to landfill (see Appendix 2). Water Footprint From Appendix 2, clearly, BAT also focuses on water footprint. As its goal is to reduce 35% of water withdrawn by 2050. It is getting the positive result by reducing 29% in the end of 2016 (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). Carbon Footprint BAT also continue to work towards its long-term target to cut 80% of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions by 2050 and have so far achieved a 47% reduction from their 2000 baseline (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). Marketing Strategies The marketing mix 4P strategy is used by evaluating the product, place, price and promotion done by BAT tobacco company. Product In November 2016, BAT announced the launch of glo (e-cigarettes) in Sendai, Japan (see Appendix 3). The company stated that the product is similar to the cigarette, but with reduced risk potential, glo heats rather than burns tobacco, producing around 90% less toxicants than a conventional cigarette ("E-cigarettes and NGPs," 2017). This means BAT is keep on innovating for its product to be sustainable. Which can better meet the needs of smokers who are seeking potentially less risky alternatives to cigarettes, and will help to meet the objectives of a number of leading public health professionals ("E-cigarettes and NGPs," 2017). Place BAT sells its products to the wholesalers and it has been established in a proper location so that the targeted market segments consisting of the consumers are aware of its existence and the products and services delivered (Chan, He Wang, 2012). On the other hand, the distribution places of the products are provided with No Cigarette sells to Minors and other slogans, to sustain its last link of product value chain (see Appendix 4). Price BAT's product prices have increased due to the use of a variety of environmentally friendly components and resources such as tobacco leaf. Emphasis on environmental protection, providing customers with a rich mouthfeel of premium tobacco that can cause less harm to them while balancing ecosystems("Environmental and supply chain management," 2017). Another reason for the price increased is BAT does caring its original sources of supply chain, farmers, to ensure they are paid reasonably according to the raw materials supplied ("Sustainable agriculture and farmer livelihoods," 2017). It has further encouraged them to provide the best quality raw materials. Therefore, the approaches are sustaining its business. Promotion BAT promotions are done through advertisements, event sponsorship and by using direct mail advertisements so that they can have a better control of the audience (BAT, 2016). The tobacco items are promoted in bars and restaurant, nightclubs where people are often found to smoke. Their brand image is also boosted by doing a lot of charity event such as donation to the community ("Campaigning and engagement," 2017). This has also caused controversy over the tobacco industry. All walks of life believe that the CSR conducted by the tobacco companies will have the more negative impact on society than the positive contribution. Sustainable Marketing Campaigns In 2016, BAT launched Thrive, their sustainable agriculture and farmer livelihoods programme to all BAT-owned and strategic third-party suppliers worldwide ("Enhancing livelihoods," 2017). Thrive is focused on the farm and farming communities by satisfying the needs and requirements of the farmers, which were considered as source of tobacco leaf needed to produce their products. This has created long-term relationships with the suppliers and engaged them within the business operations for maintaining openness and transparency all throughout too ("Enhancing livelihoods," 2017). Aligned with the five Capitals (financial, natural, physical, human and social. Strength) that will have a demonstrable positive impact for farmers and their communities. This will also enable a more tangible way of measuring BAT contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, including those relating to poverty, hunger, decent work and economic growth, life on the land and partnerships ("Enhancing livelihoods," 2017). This promoted the message of responsibly using the tobacco products and even created a positive mindset among the customers. SWOT Analysis of BAT Sustainability and Its Comparison with Competitors The Strength of BAT One of the strength of BAT is the environmental program, it has always been one of the companys most crucial goals, especially in reducing carbon emissions (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). In fact, at the end of 2016, 27 locations across all regions were certified to the ISO 14001 environmental standard (Responding to A Changing World, 2016). As mentioned above, they are as well continuing to work towards their long-term target in cutting carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions. On this point, according to World Health Organization (2017), BAT has 795 thousand of metric tonnes CO2 equivalent, while Philip Morris International has the similar amount at 627 thousand. Whereas, Japan Tobacco has the anomalously high volume at 5,304 thousand of metric tonnes (Tobacco and its environmental impact: an overview, 2017). It indicates the investment around 20 million each year in environment and related areas has an effective response (Responding to A Changing World, 2016), and it can be one key strength of BAT due to its positive and responsible public image given its commitment to the environment. The Weakness and Opportunity of BAT In terms of dealing with the smuggling, BAT still has the long way to go. Each year, one-third of all legally exported cigarettes, end up illegally smuggled across international borders (LeGresleyLindblom, 2002). It has enable tobacco to enter markets cheaply and thus stimulating consumption, consequently increasing the burden of ill health caused by its use (Joossens Raw, 2000). In Asia, 555, State Express and Benson Hedges, which belongs to BAT are the smugglers brands of choice, mainly in Bangladesh (LeGresleyLindblom, 2002). In this regard, EU Commission report states that PMI has effectively met its objective of reducing the prevalence of PMI contraband on the illicit EU tobacco market in 2016. As demonstrated by an 85% drop in the volume of genuine PMI cigarettes seized by member states between 2006 and 2014 ("Illicit Trade in the EU," 2017). It has created a positive and reliable brand image to the public. Thus, it can be seen as an opportunity aspect for BAT to enhance its sustainability efforts on compacting illegal trading. The Threat of BAT The threat of BAT is that Article 13 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires a complete ban on all forms of tobacco advertising promotion, and sponsorship, including CSR (Organization, 2008). It harder the tobacco industry situation in terms of conducting the marketing campaign or promoting corporate brand. However, it provides the chance for BAT to put more sustainable efforts on their supply chain and tackle the environmental issues ("Environmental and supply chain management," 2017). The Truth behind the "Success" of BAT Sustainability Marketing Efforts BAT and Malawis Child Labour In 2000, BAT co-founded the Eliminating Child Labour in Tobacco Growing Foundation (ECLT) and launched its pilot project in Malawi (Otaez, Muggli, Hurt, Glantz, 2006). From one perspective, the project helps 10,000 children have access to quality basic education and will not be in child labour ("ECLT Foundation," 2011). In the short term, 10,000 children benefit from it, in the future, society will benefit from these children. Secondly, they helped 3,000 households in using energy-saving stoves to reduce wood consumption ("ECLT Foundation," 2011). Which as well reduced the carbon footprint for the environment. These aspects advocate BATs sustainable marketing efforts are successful. From another perspective, however, researchers found that, in stark contrast, BAT and PMI together are estimated to make $10 million in profits from child labour each year in Malawi alone via the use of unpaid child labour during the same time (Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship: CSR, 2011). Factually, 10,000 of children affected by the ECLT are just part of 1.4 million child labour in Malawi (BBC, 2017). Besides, BAT has not changed its tobacco buying practices. It pointed out BAT is just using child labour projects to enhance company reputations and distract public attention from how they profit from low wages and cheap tobacco (Otaez et al., 2006). Under the Iceberg of BATs Next Generation Product On the other side, BATs NGPs aims to become a next generation tobacco player (Williams-Grut, 2017). From a public health standpoint, glo appears to be healthier than smoking, especially for people who are using glo to quit. Still, for young people who have never smoked, research from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of Hawaii Cancer Centre suggests it could pose a substantial risk, as teens who try e-cigs are three times more likely to take up smoking (Williams-Grut, 2017). In addition, in its release announcing the launch of glo in Canada, BAT says it "delivers a cleaner experience," but admits in a footnote: "These qualities do not necessarily mean that this product produces less adverse health effects than other tobacco products."(see Appendix 5 ) (CISION, 2017). Most importantly, BATs own internal tests suggest that, NGPs are less harmful than cigarettes. However, there are fewer external studies verifying these findings and internal testing by companies is largely seen as unreliable in the science community unless verified by a third party such as the US Food and Drug Administration (Williams-Grut, 2017). Recommendations and Conclusion: The paragraph will discuss more about the current sustainable issues faced by BAT, and then provide three appropriate recommendations to improve the sustainable situation of tobacco smuggling, child labour in Malawi, and the NGPs of BAT. The Suggestions to Reduce Illegal Smuggling in Bangladesh Spain and Andorra Spain are one of the few countries in the world to have tackled smuggling successfully (Joossens Raw, 2000). From their past experiences, the only action to control cigarette transit at international level will solve the smuggling problem. In 1997 there was a close collaboration between the authorities in Spain, France, Britain, Ireland, and Andorra and the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) reduced the supply of smuggled cigarettes from Andorra. As a result, contraband cigarettes, which had accounted for 12% of the Spanish market in early 1997, held only 5% by mid-1999 (Joossens Raw, 2000).Tax revenue collected from legal cigarette increased by 25% in the same year. The methods can also be implemented by Bangladesh. By reducing the supply into the country at container level through intelligence, customs activity and cooperation, and technology (Joossens Raw, 2000), together with closer inspection of border goods and strengthening of patrolling by police on major smuggling routes. On the other hand, SUTL, a Singapore-based trading company, served as the primary middleman for the smuggling of BAT brands into Bangladesh (Joossens Raw, 2000). The Bangladesh government can pressure on SULTs subsidiary on local forcing it to stop the illegal smuggling. In this case, BAT has an inevitable responsibility, hence, the company should actively cooperate with the Bangladesh government and provide reliable information to improve the smuggling situations (Joossens Raw, 2000). The Methods to Improve Child Labours Situation in Malawi It is undeniable that transnational tobacco companies financially benefited from tobacco produced by children as young as 5 years of age in Malawi and other tobacco-growing societies (Otaez, Muggli, Hurt, Glantz, 2006). While the ECLT and related projects they launched did benefit several thousand children, they have had a negligible overall impact on the overall problem of child labour and the number of child labourers in Malawi (Otaez et al., 2006). In case BAT and other major transnational tobacco companies were genuinely committed to improving the socio-economic conditions of child and adult tobacco farm workers, they should rectify harmful business practices by implementing and enforcing a policy that they would not purchase any tobacco grown using child labour (Otaez et al., 2006). Besides, they should also conform with the core conventions of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO) that cover not just child labour but the whole range of labour rights concerns, such as right to organize, adopt a monitoring program that ensures that third party monitors will visit the tobacco fields periodically to perform audits (Otaez et al., 2006). Also, commit to public reporting of results of the monitoring and to revealing the names of workplaces where BAT purchase tobacco as Nike did in April 2005 (BBC NEWS, 2005). The actual cost of implementing these policies, which could substantially end or potentially eradicate child labour, would be about US$10 million per year, the cost of replacing child labourers with adults paid at minimum rural wage in Malawi (Otaez et al., 2006). While modest compared to the $400 billion in revenues the tobacco industry generates annually (YachBettcher, 2000), this amount is more than the US$575 000 per year ($2.3 million over four years to pay for activities such as constructing schools) the industry spends on child labour projects in Malawi (Otaez et al., 2006). Thus, government intervention, public pressure and the company consciousness are required to address child labour problems. The Approaches ensure Next Generation Products to be More Sustainable E-cigarettes are a double-edged sword ("The E-Cig Quandary," 2016). Despite they could potentially advance smoking cessation, currently they are a disruptive product of unknown safety and efficacy ("The E-Cig Quandary," 2016). Researchers indicated that if regulated properly, e-cigs could bolster overall harm reduction by helping smokers quit tobacco cigarettes or helping them smoke less. The trick will be regulation ("The E-Cig Quandary," 2016). For teenagers who have never smoked, researchers suggest it could pose a substantial risk, as young people who try e-cigs are three times more likely to take up smoking (Williams-Grut, 2017). More, the NGPs product like glo has such a clean and fashion designs (see Appendix 3). It undoubtedly results in teens perceive scant risk in e-cigs, which increases their chances of smoking. Trends in youth e-cig use are especially worrisome, since they presage behaviours that may be difficult to alter once young e-cig consumers become adults ("The E-C ig Quandary," 2016). Therefore, a 2014 FDA proposal recommended restricting sales to minors, mandating disclosure of ingredients, and requiring warning labels that state nicotine is an addictive substance to eliminate exposure to potentially toxic chemicals ("The E-Cig Quandary," 2016). BATs own internal tests claim that, NGPs are less harmful than cigarettes. However, there are fewer external studies verifying these findings (Williams-Grut, 2017). To be seen as more reliable in the science community, BATs NGPs have to be verified by a third party such as the US Food and Drug Administration (Williams-Grut, 2017). It ensures NGPs are safe for the users and minimize its potential negative effects. Thus, achieving its sustainable goals socially, environmentally and even economically.

Essay Examples on The Civil War Essay Example

Essay Examples on The Civil War Paper 1st Essay Sample on The Civil War Many historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid was to the Civil War what the Boston Massacre had been to the American Revolution. They were both incendiary events. Defenders of the union generally condemned Brown and called the raid the work of a madman. Everywhere the threat of slave insurrections fed fears, and the uproar strengthened the hand of secessionists who argued that the South needed to rid itself of northern influence. The eventual view in the living North that John Brown was a martyr, combined with the abhorrence of Brown by the masses in the South showed that a Civil War was imminent. The North and the South had an ideological difference about the practice of slavery. What the North considered incorrigibly evil, the South considered a positive good. The conflict between the North and the South sprung from the slavery issue and men like John Brown were part of the causes of the war. To his men and to Frederick Douglass, Brown made clear that he intended nothing less than to provoke a slave insurrection. All evidence points to that motive. Brown constantly warned his conspirators that such a raid might fail; yet even in failure he hoped a sectional crisis would unfold leading to the destruction of slavery. Browns contradicting statements has provoked speculation over the man and his hidden motives. Some saw Brown as an insurrectionist, others as a self-deluded martyr, and still others as insane. (Document A) The way Brown conducted the raid was disappointing to many intellectuals in the North, as they saw that violence was not the answer to the slavery question. However, men like the transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau, (Document B)s saw Browns raid as a confirmation of the living Norths commitment to the egalitarian roots of the new nation. 2nd Essay Sample on The Civil War We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on The Civil War specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on The Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on The Civil War specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On paper the North was far stronger than the South.It had two and a half times as many people, and it possessed far more ships, miles of railroad, and manufacturing enterprises. Southerners, however, had the advantage of fighting on home ground with better military leadership.But Union superiority in manpower was not so great as the gross figures suggest.Half a million people scattered from Dakota to California, could make no substantial contribution to Union strength.And every year Union regiments were sent to the West to fight Indians.Hundreds of thousands of Americans in loyal border states and in southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois worked or fought for southern independence. Though, every state furnished men for the other side, there was little doubt that more Federals than ConfederatesThe South had superior officer personnel.For twenty years before Lincoln’s inauguration, southern officers had dominated the U.S. Army. Another source of southern confidence was cotton. Secession leaders expected to exchange that staple for the foreign manufactured goods theyThe South’s most important advantage was that it had only to defend relatively short interior lines against invaders who had to deal with long lines of communication and to attack a broad front. The Confederacy also had no need to divert fighting men to tasks such as garrisoning captured cities and holding conquered territory.In a short war, numerical superiority would not have made much of a difference.As the war continued, however, numerical strength became a psychological as well as a physical weapon. During the closing years of the conflict, Union armies, massed at last against critical strongholds, suffered terrible casualties but seemed to grow stronger with every defeat. Any staggering Confederate losses sapped the southern will to fight.

Diets for Pets with Medical Disorders essays

Diets for Pets with Medical Disorders essays DIETS FOR PETS WITH MEDICAL DISORDERS Homemade Diets For Pets with Skin Disease (Allergic Conditions) The most common skin disorder seen in many veterinary practices is allergic (atopic) dermatitis. This condition results in itchiness after exposure to environmental (usually airborne) allergens (foreign proteins which induce allergies.) True food allergies are quite rare in pets. Food intolerances, in which the pet develops and allergic response to a non-nutrient in the food (such as an additive,) occur in pets but the true incidence is hard to gauge. While dietary therapy is not a mainstay in the treatment of itchy pets, feeding the best, most natural and holistic diet possible is recommended. Diets designed for pets with gastrointestinal disease can be useful for pets with skin disorders with some modification. These modified diets are used to assess and treat food allergies as well as assess any improvement in the pet with any skin disorder, including atopic dermatitis. Keep in mind that even itchy pets without true food allergy may still show improvement when fed the diet used to test and treat food allergies. Controlled Diets for Adult Cats with Skin Disease (Allergic Conditions) Multivitamin/mineral supplement (added as clinical signs improve after the feeding trial, as long as the pet does not relapse if using flavored products.) This diet provides 352 kcal, 31.1 gm of protein, 25.1 gm of fat, and it supports the daily calorie needs of a 10 pound cat. 1. 4 1/2 ounces of cooked venison can also be used in place of the rabbit. 2. 1/2 cups of rice or 3/4 cups of boiled potato with skin can be added to the diet if desired. 3. Vitamins and minerals can be supplied as follows: A natural product from Standard Process (Calcifood Wafers or Calcium Lactate) can be used (use 1-2 Calcifood Wafer or 2 Calcium Lactate tablets.) ...

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS--Case Study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TROUBLE BREWS AT STARBUCKS-- - Case Study Example Essentially, the 5Cs analysis, which was initially the 3Cs strategy, includes elements such as customer, company, collaborators, climate and competitors. The key aspects that Schultz had in mind were customer, competitors, and the company itself in order for the vision to expand Starbucks to be realistic. In essence, Schultz intended for Starbucks to serve coffee at its outlets with the same taste of that made at home and factored in the growing competition from entrants such as McDonalds, which was winning its customer base. The main target market for Starbucks as part of this vision was to be the people that prefer to brew their coffee from home because not many chain stores served coffee that was of their desired quality. The value positioning to customers would be that Starbucks would be able to serve coffee that was the same as that brewed at home hence saving their customers the hustle of having to only rely on home ground coffee with the taste that they know. Additionally, Schultz also examined Starbucks position and sought to remain relevant in the market by providing its needs and meeting customer satisfaction while register ing profits. Schultz vision met resistances, but Starbucks later bought into the idea in which the first step in implementation based on the 4Ps marketing mix was to create a place or atmosphere that customers would relax in. The idea was to create the third place after home and work where their target market would enjoy the ambience of Starbucks while sipping on a cup of coffee (3). The ambience of the ‘third place’ included the access to music, books, and movies as part of its product delivery options, which was successful in increasing customer flow to their stores (7). The other factor was that Starbucks also targeted areas with heavy population flow such as airports, which succeeded in capturing a wider target market. Secondly, Starbucks also trained its staff on the

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Human Resource Management - Essay Example 155). Human resource planning is the process in which the organization determines and lays strategies to acquire, and maintain the right quantities of human resource pool, in the right ratios of skills ,character and knowledge to fit the organization demands at current and in the future .In a period of recession the strategies employed largely depend on the mission, vision as well as its strategies and functions .Organizations will in most times plan in anticipation of a recession .most organizations result to more efficient utilization of the available human capital especially in states in which large payoffs are required in cases of lay offs .It is inescapable to lay off in cases of large loss making sessions as has been experienced by ZAIN mobile company which operate in parts of Asia and Africa (Punnett, 2004, p. 155).. The other strategy is diversification of product lines to produce more demanded goods such as consumable goods. Companies usually take a thorough evaluation of their product or services and take note of their potential risks .survey conducted in over 130 firms in Europe and America including Microsoft corporation shows that firms engage in revenue generating rather than cost cutting strategies ,this however is common to small startup firms with large widespread firms engaging in cost cutting strategies such as low investment thus cutting on new recruitments .In response to their new skills requirement they result in hiring on contractual basis ,and limited to specific skills .Generally during recession most firms engage in short term human resource planning due to the uncertainties associated with recession ,a good example is the General motors company (Storey, 1999, p. 130). It should be noted that firm sizes affects their response to human resource planning which is largely based on firm size

Personal Statement on Philosophy of Education Research Paper

Personal Statement on Philosophy of Education - Research Paper Example From the understanding of the historical literature philosophy of education, it is worth noting that a learner or every child must be identified as a unique individual who needs to secure knowledge towards stimulating intellectual, emotional, social, and physical growth and maturity. Therefore, as an educator (Dhawan 79), it is my desire to help each student to meet his or her fullest potential in educational growth and maturity by providing for them with a safe environment that supports risk-taking and inviting sharing of ideas towards their knowledge growth and development. Notably, I believe that the three educational philosophy elements that I must apply to achieve these goals. These elements are usually conductive towards establishing proper learning and developing an environment in every learner’s education or learning process. These elements include the expectation of the teacher as the guide to any educational process; learners should be allowed to follow their natural curiosity and the same should to direct the learning process, and the last element is promoting respect among the learners. Therefore, it is understandable that it is my role as a teacher to guide and provide access to information to the students rather than being the primary source of the information to the students or learners. Hence, the learner should be in the forefront in search of knowledge such that their search of knowledge is quenched as they learn to provide an appropriate answer to their questions.... Hence, the learner should be in the forefront in search of knowledge such that their search of knowledge is quenched as they learn to provide an appropriate answer to their questions (Kilpatrick 38). Thus, the construction of knowledge needs the opportunity for discovering new practices and skills in authentic situations (Frankena 90). Therefore, as a teacher I understand that adequate access to hand on activities, as well as adequate space and time to students, is vital enable them to use the identified material to apply and reinforce acquired knowledge thereby allowing them with an individual opportunity to construct and discover knowledge. Additionally, other than providing learning materials and self-discoveries opportunities to the learners, it is vital to ensure that these materials are relevant and meaningful to the life and the interest of the learner. Achieving these targets can only be met through a constructive and thoughtful curriculum that revolves mainly around or foste rs intrinsic interests that motivate and stimulates the learner’s passion and interest (Kilpatrick 35). Therefore, curriculum is a vital tool that will help me to follow the right path towards helping the learner to achieve his or her interests and goals objectively and successfully (Elias 213). Notably, an effective curriculum can only be generated from learners’ ideas and set goals rather than creating the curriculum for educator’s self-imaginations (Frankena 132). In other words, as an educator, I will give students the opportunity to help in negating a curriculum and this will be achieved through viewing and analysing their interests. It is worth noting that when the students are taught by their own the curriculum, they will

The impact of professional nursing education in quality of care

The impact of professional nursing education in quality of care INTRODUCTION: In the most basic sense, the current global nursing shortage is simply a widespread and dangerous lack of professional and skilled nurses who are needed to care for individual patients and the population as a whole. These causes include nurse short-staffing, inadequate resources for nursing research and education, the increasing complexity of health care and care technology, and the rapidly aging populations in developed nations. Because studies have shown that an inadequate quantity of professional nurses in clinical settings has a significant negative impact on patient outcomes, including mortality, the nursing shortage is literally taking lives, and impairing the health and wellbeing of many millions of the worlds people. It is a global public health crisis (ICN, 2004). There is a predicted shortfall of qualified nursing staff in both low and high-income countries. The growing shortage of health care workers has become an international challenge (Sorgaard, 2010). The authors believe that Saudi Arabia is not exempted to the current global nursing shortage due to lack of professional nurses. To understand the Saudi shortage in nurses, one has to understand the Saudi dependence on foreign nurses. Saudi education system has only focused on high paid, prosperous, and prestigious jobs like doctors, engineers, and lawyers and left basic yet complementary job as nursing way behind. This lack of attention to necessary and complementary jobs, has led the Saudi education system in creating less than 20 percent of the nursing staff working in Saudi today, which in return led into todays significant shortage in qualified and competent Saudi nurses and to high rate of foreign nurses (Aldossary, 2008). While the institute program in Saudi Arabia consists of nursing studies for three years and results in a diploma in nursing. The program prepares nurses to assume roles as technical nurses, considered by some to equate with that of a practical nurse in the Un ited States (Tumulty, 2001). In the United States, there are registered nurses (RNs) or Professional Nurses and practical nurses (PNs) or LVN (Licensed Vocational Nurse) / LPN (Licensed Practical Nurse), CNA(Certified Nurse Assistant) also called vocational nurses (VNs), or Practical Nurses. While registered nurses are able to perform certain duties or provide treatments that practical nurses cannot, such as administering blood, this is not what primarily sets them apart. The most notable difference is in the education they receive. As far as the scope of practice is concerned, each state has a separate nursing board which governs what nurses are legally able to do (Ellis Hartley, 2004). In the hospital setting, professional /registered nurses are often assigned a role to delegate tasks performed by LPNs and non-professional unlicensed assistive personnel such as nursing assistants (Ellis Hartley, 2004). Skilled nursing of a professional nurse is vital to the patient outcome (Gordon, 2005). But due to economic crisis and poverty, significant work must be done to have more professional nurses. Graduates, due to poverty and worldwide economic crisis prefer to have non-professional program to quickly acquire work due to the short courses offered in non-professional programs. (Turale, 2010). Therefore, the authors believe that whether a nurse is a professional or practical, all nurses must remember as what has been stated in nurses pledge by Florence Nightingale: I solemnly pledge myself before God and in the presence of this assembly to pass my life in purity and to practice my profession faithfully. I will do all in my power to maintain and elevate the standard of my profession and will hold in confidence all personal matters committed to my keeping and all family affairs coming to my knowledge in the practice of my calling (American Nurses Association, 2010). II. BACKGROUND: The following different levels of Nursing Education gives us the background on the difference between a professional and vocational nurses: Nursing Assistants are defined by law as people who assist licensed nursing personnel in the provision of nursing care. The authorized duties for CNA or Certified Nursing Assistant include assisting with their clients daily living activities, such as bathing, dressing, transferring, ambulating, feeding, and toileting. CNAs also perform tasks such as measuring vital signs, positioning and range of motion. Their duties are limited to tasks commissary by the registered or licensed practical nurse in acute-care field. Their tasks such as vital signs, , assessing patients well-being, administering hygienic care, assisting with feeding, giving basic psychosocial care, and similar duties. Diploma degree are hospital based educational programs that provide a rich clinical experience for nursing students. These programs are often associated with colleges or universities. Baccalaureate degree programs located in senior colleges and universities and are generally four years in length. Masters p rograms provide specialized knowledge and skills that enable nurses to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration, and research(NWJobs, 2010). The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is an advanced-level practice degree that focuses on the clinical aspects of nursing rather than academic research. The curriculum for the DNP degree generally includes advanced practice, leadership, and application of clinical research. The DNP is intended primarily to prepare registered nurses to become advanced practice nurses. Advanced practice roles in nursing include the nurse practitioner (NP), certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA), certified nurse midwife (CNM), and the clinical nurse specialist (CNS). Nurse anesthetist programs may use the title Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP) for their terminal degree (Dracup, 2005). According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), transitioning advance practice nursing programs from the graduate level to the doctoral level is a response to changes in health care delivery and emerging health care needs, additional knowledge or content areas have been identified by practicing nurses. In addition, the knowledge required to provide leadership in the discipline of nursing is so complex and rapidly changing that additional or doctoral level education is needed (Dracup, 2005). At the moment only fewer Saudi nurses had bachelor of science, masters or doctoral degree, but the government start to increase and expand. A lot of nursing continue lead degree will be graduated within few years to assume leadership position in the health field. The kingdom has a great need for well educated Saudi nurses (Tumulty, 2001). However, in recent years, questions have been raised about whether nursing is a profession or an occupation. This is important for nurses to consider for several reasons, starting from differentiating the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºprofession and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºoccupation, professional and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºvocational nurse. An occupation is a job or a career, whereas a profession is a learned occupation that has a status of superiority and precedence within a division of work. In general terms, occupations require widely varying levels of training or education, varying levels of skill, and widely variable defined knowledge bases. Indeed, all professions are occupations, but not all occupation is profession (McEwen ,2007). Therefore based on à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ºnursing as an occupation, a professional nurse is a healthcare professional who, in collaboration with other member of a healthcare team, is responsible for treatment, safety and recovery of acute or chronically ill individuals; health promotion, and maintenance within families, communities and population; and treatment of life-threatening emergencies in a wide range of healthcare settings (Craven, 2009). Current shortfall in workforce and educational: The number of nurses currently in the workforce based on their educational preparation: those with undergraduate education (diploma, associate, baccalaureate degrees) and those with graduate education (masters and doctoral degrees) (Health Resources and Services Administration. Much higher number of nurses prepared at the diploma/associate degree level compared to all other categories and the relatively small number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees. The limited number of nurses prepared with graduate degrees presents a significant problem for educating future nurses and furthering effective nursing practice; masters-prepared clinicians are needed to teach and provide primary care, and doctoral faculty are needed to teach and conduct research. Without an adequate number of nurses prepared at the graduate level, we will be unable to educate enough nurses to meet the demands for care at all levels in the near future. Experts predict we will experience a nurse shortage of anywher e from 340,000 to more than 1 million by 2020; shortages will occur in hospitals, in nursing homes, in home health care, and community health centers (HRSA, 2010). Nurse shortage projections are based on the increase in anticipated demand for health care demands that are projected to increase dramatically due to our aging population and higher numbers of insured patients with access to care as a result of a reformed health care system (Wharton School, 2009). The percentage of the population 65 years or older steadily increases as the baby boomer generation approaches age 65; by 2030, 20% of the population will be above the age of 65, almost doubling the current rate of 12% (Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2008). Simultaneously, the demand for health services will increase as previously uninsured people gain access to health care insurance. Massachusetts, which recently increased the percentage of the insured population to 90%, has experienced significant primary care shortages (Cooney, 2008). As the population ages and health care resources become more strained, the focus and location of care delivery will need to change from acute care provided in hospitals to primary care, which includes disease management, care coordination, and prevention of disease delivered in community settings, in clinics, ambulatory care centers, and in the patients home. In the future, we will need many more advanced practice nurses (nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, nurse midwives, and clinical specialists) to assume a greater responsibility for the delivery of health care IOM, 2008). Need for Education in nursing, Masters, Baccalaureate, and Doctoral: To design strategies that lead to an adequate nurse workforce, we first need to examine how nurses enter the workforce. The nursing profession is unique in its complicated mix of educational models, which is not only confusing to the public, legislators, nurses, and potential nursing students but also contributes to a lack of professional unity and professional recognition. As a result, nurses are fragmented in their interests and do not have the political clout of other professions when advocating for patients or better working conditions. The recognition of the need for baccalaureate nurse education is not new. In 1920, the Goldmark Report, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, proposed educating nurses in academic institutions along with other professionals, arguing that this would more adequately prepare nurses to meet the needs of society and improve the status of the nursing profession (Ellis Hartley, 2004). At that time, nurses were being educated in hospital-based diploma schools that continued to be the major provider of nursing education until associate degree programs began in the 1950s. Associate degree nursing education was proposed as a solution to a severe nursing shortage (Fondiller, 2001). In 2004, the American Organization of Nurse Executives (2004) argued for baccalaureate-level educational preparation for all future nurses. Furthermore, the baccalaureate degree was needed for nurses to function as an equal partner in patient care. Most recently, the Carnegie Foundation report, Educating Nurses: A Ca ll for Radical Transformation, called for significant changes in nursing education with the establishment of the baccalaureate degree for entry into professional nursing practice being a necessary first step. The report falls short however in recommending more of the same, by calling for the creation of a more seamless transition from ADN to BSN programs (Benner, Sutphen, Leonard, Day, 2010). A large amount of empirical evidence exists to support a difference in performance and patient outcomes (Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Silber, 2003; Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker, Giovannetti, 2005; Kutney-Lee Aiken, 2008). In 1988, Johnson published a meta-analysis of 139 studies exploring the differences in associate and baccalaureate performance. These studies revealed significant differences between associated degree in nursing (ADN) and bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) nurses, with baccalaureate-prepared nurses demonstrating greater professional performance in the areas of communications skills, knowledge, problem solving, and professional role. In 2001, Goode and colleagues surveyed 80 chief nursing officers from academic medical centers to determine their perception of differences in nurse performance based on education level. Respondents reported that baccalaureate-prepared nurses demonstrate greater communication, coordination, and leadership skills; more professiona l behavior; and a greater focus on patient psychosocial care and patient teaching than associate-prepared nurses (Goode et al., 2001). Although estimates vary on the need for more health care providers in the future, there is agreement that a shortage of primary care providers currently exists in rural and other underserved areas (Kirch Vernon, 2008) and severe future shortages predicted in community health centers (National Association of Community Health Centers, Robert Graham Center, The George Washington University, 2008) and in the countrys more than 6,080 designated primary care shortage areas in the United States (HRSA, 2006). A major contributing factor to the current and future nurse shortage is the lack of nursing faculty available to educate nurses. The student demand for nursing education is currently at an all-time high, but a faculty shortage has created a severe bottleneck in nurse education, leaving nursing schools unable to meet the demands for education. An estimated 50,000 qualified applicants were turned away from baccalaureate nursing programs in 2008, primarily due to faculty shortages. Of the 84% of U.S. nursing schools in 2006-2007 attempting to hire new faculty, 79% reported difficultly in recruitment due to a lack of qualified candidates and the inability to offer competitive salaries (AACN, 2010). In their 2007 annual survey of colleges of nursing, the National League for Nursing (NLN) reported 1,900 unfilled faculty positions nationwide, an increase of 23% from the previous year in the number of full-time faculty vacancies and a disturbing trend in the shortage cycle (Kaufman, 2007). A n estimated 25,100 nurses have doctoral degrees, and their numbers are not increasing at the rate needed to meet demand. From 2003 through 2008, the number of nursing PhD graduates increased on average by about 31 new graduates each year. Disappointingly, enrollment in PhD nursing programs increased by only 0.1% or 3 students from the fall of 2007 to the fall of 2008 with the total doctoral student population in 2008 reaching 3,976 (AACN, 2010). Although academic education and professional qualification are but one aspect of clinical competence (the others being clinical skills and professionals attitudes), the change of nurse teaching from work-based apprenticeship to academic education and the parallel development of increasingly specialized nursing roles [58,59]) contribute to an alteration of what is considered to be necessary qualifications among nursing staff. This may cause additional strain on the substantial proportion of clinically oriented staff who lack formal (nursing) qualifications. We believe the importance of the present study lies in the focus it has on working conditions of sub professionals in acute psychiatry. As we have argued above, there is an increasing and probably worldwide lack of nursing staff in the health services and increased use of health care assistants is reported e.g.[30]. Although the evidence on a general level suggests that more use of less qualified staff will not be effective in all situations [60], due to what is said above it is increasingly important to recruit, retain and qualify also sub professionals, and a condition for this is the quality of their working environments. The important sourses of professional direction: Nursing Social policy statement (ANA), is an important document it describes the profession of nursing and its professional framework and tasks to society, the second nursing scope and standards of practice is also important has been developed by the (ANA), nursing standards which are authoritative by the profession by the profession wich the quality of practiced, service, or education can be evaluated quality patient care. The third code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements, this code is alist of provisions that makes explicit the primary goals, Values .fourth state boards of nursing one of the important sources of professional direction . A professional nurse is accountable for embracing professional values, maintaining professional values, maintaining competence, and maintenance and improvement of professional practice environments, also nurses is accountable for the outcomes of the nursing care. Increasd knowledge of germs and diseases, and increasd training of doctors, nurses needed to understand basic anatomy, parhophysiology, physiology, and epidemiology to provide better care. To carry out adoctors orders, and must have some degree of understanding of cause and effect of environment . Quality of Care: The quality of care can be more precisely described as seeking to achieve excellent standards of care. It includes assessing the appropriateness of medical tests and treatments and measures to improve personal health care consistently in all areas of medicine. Nurses professional socialization is recognized as an essential process of learning skills, attitudes and behaviors necessary to fulfill professional roles are also involved in evaluating and modifying the overall quality of care given to groups of clients. One of the essential parts of professional responsibility, nurses and all other health care providers work together as an interdisciplinary team concentrate on improving client care (Kozier, 2008). A divergence between demand and supply that is evidenced in insufficient nurse staffing with significant implications for patient quality is what Nursing profession faces continuously. Many believe this shortage of registered nurses is entrenched in long-standing problems related to the value and image of nursing and the limited role nursing has had in identifying priorities within health care delivery systems (AACN, 2010). Many institute graduates are relegated to functioning at a level barely above a nurse aide. Thus, the already scarce Saudi nurses are disadvantaged and underutilized. Saudi Arabia is increasing its proportion of indigenous nurses who will be able to deliver culturally appropriate high quality care (Aldossary, 2008). The author predicted shortfall of qualified nursing staff in both low and high-income countries. Restructured health care systems and social values has made lack of nursing personnel which concern for health care administrators, politicians and the nursing professions. The shortage in health care workers growing and has become an international challenge (Sorgaard,2010). One of the central professional self regulation is the ability to maintain and control a professional register. To this end self regulating professions, like nursing, have been responsible for controlling their register which is done through the setting of the standards to be achieved before entry is possible . In addition, the professions also have responsibility for the removal of practitioners who are considered unfit to practise (Unsworth, 2010). Outlines how quality of nursing care and good character are fundamental to practise as a nurse or midwife and how the overriding concern relates to safe practise and protection of the public. As such, good health is not to be interpreted as the absence of a particular condition or disease but rather that the individual is capable of safe and effective practise without supervision. The guidance also defines good character as relating to the persons conduct, behavior and attitude, as well as any convictions or cautions that are not considered compatible with professional registration and that might bring the profession into disrepute. (CHRE (2009) have recently reviewed the quality of care requirements of the all of the health profession regulators and they have recommended that the term good in relation quality of care should be amended within the legislation to ensure that this is not used by other bodies as a bar to entry into the professions. CHRE reaffirm the view held by the regu lators that considerations about health are restricted to whether the individuals health, with any necessary reasonable adjustments, would impair their fitness to practise. The notion of good character is based upon the requirement under the Code of Professional Conduct (NMC, 2008c) for nurses and midwives to be honest and trustworthy. For an individual to satisfy the good quality of nursing care character requirements, they must be capable of safe and effective practise without supervision. This is, therefore, the threshold set by the regulator for any action which may be taken against an individual student in terms of their conduct. If the students attitude, behavior, conduct (including convictions) or quality of care calls into question their ability to satisfy the requirements of the quality of care and good character then action may be required to investigate the allegations and to make a determination about whether the nurses would be capable of safe and effective practise wit hout supervision at some future point. The notion of good character has also been open to criticism not least because of difficulties in defining how a good character is measured (Sellman, 2007) and because the concept of being of good character is not transferable to potential registrants from within the European Union (CHRE, 2008a,b). The Nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC) have produced a definition of impaired fitness to practise which relates to the suitability of the individual to remain on the professional register without restriction, if at all (NMC, 2004). Aim / Objective: To show the impact of professional nurses and nursing education that affect the quality of care for the patients. IV. Method: Literature review is considered a baseline tool that precedes the actual qualitative or quantitative research. In order to have a research, the researcher needs to read the related articles that have researched the topic. Data base research: Inclusive criteria: nursing articles, articles published after 2000, English language studies, primary sources Exclusion criteria: articles published before 2000, secondary sources Pubmed: Mesh terms: Professional, and Non-Professional Nurses, Occupation, Profession, Quality of Care Number of hits: The first hits 43. 17 abstracts were read and 17 articles were chosen. The second hits 273. 23 abstract were read and 26 articles were chosen. Total search publication articles were chosen and read completely is (43) that will be used by the author in literature review.19 of the chosen articles the authors will use in the results. V. Research Ethics: The authors should consider the research ethics in all processes and follow the Codes and Policies of research ethics including; Honesty in all scientific communications, report data, results, methods, procedures, and also the publication status. Competency, to maintain and improve our own professional competence through lifelong education and learning. Objectivity, disclose personal interests that may affect research. Respect for intellectual property, no plagiarism done by the authors (Resnik, 2010). The authors foundation from the article was clear and the researchers displayed respect for human dignity. The author did the job for searching by honest and professional way, without hidden or disappear any good or truth result (Polit Beck, 2008). VI. Relevance: The author conveyed the information through this research to increase awareness for the staff nurses about knowing the impact of professional nurses and the levels of nursing education in the quality of care for the patients. Level of nursing education acquired by a nurse has significant implications for patients quality of care and safety.